The Radiation Health Research Act mandates the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to design and implement a comprehensive program investigating the health effects of nuclear radiation on women . This program will specifically focus on vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, adolescent girls, and pre-adolescent girls , ensuring longitudinal monitoring of participants for a minimum of 10 years. The legislation emphasizes the importance of collaborative, interagency, and multidisciplinary research, while also requiring that the program's methodology adheres to the best available scientific evidence and protects participant privacy. The NIH Director must consult with various federal agencies and stakeholders to carry out the program effectively. Furthermore, the bill requires annual reports to Congress detailing research results, assessing existing knowledge gaps, and providing recommendations for a national strategy, including public education campaigns, to mitigate adverse health effects.