The "Pre-Payment Fraud Prevention and Treasury Data Access Act" aims to significantly bolster the federal government's ability to prevent fraud and improper payments. It mandates new pre-payment responsibilities for federal agencies, requiring them to conduct rigorous checks before certifying payment vouchers. These checks include verifying fund availability, payee identity, bank account accuracy, and ensuring the payee is not deceased. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), will issue regulations detailing these pre-certification requirements. The bill expands the capabilities of the Treasury's "Do Not Pay" system , renaming it from an "Initiative" to a "System." Executive agencies will be required to screen all persons or entities seeking federal awards or payments against the Do Not Pay system's data assets. Crucially, the legislation grants the Treasury direct access to vital data sources, including the National Directory of New Hires, specific Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax information, and Social Security Administration data, solely for improper payment prevention and detection. To ensure data privacy, the bill clarifies that data matching for the Do Not Pay system is not considered a "matching program" under the Privacy Act, and it imposes strict limitations on the use and disclosure of information, with severe penalties for violations. The system's reach is extended to state and local governments administering federally funded programs, as well as the judicial and legislative branches, all subject to privacy safeguards. An annual report to Congress will detail the system's effectiveness and compliance. Furthermore, the bill introduces a new requirement for first-time recipients of federal awards exceeding $50,000. These "covered recipients" must submit a one-time report on the initial use of funds within 180 days of receipt. This report, whose content and format will be standardized by OMB and Treasury, is designed to help agencies verify that funds are used for their intended purpose and to identify potential fraud-risk indicators. Agencies must cease further disbursements to recipients who fail to submit this required report. This comprehensive approach seeks to embed fraud prevention into the earliest stages of federal spending. By enhancing pre-payment verification, expanding data access for the Do Not Pay system, and introducing post-award reporting for new recipients, the bill aims to reduce financial losses to the government. The effective date for these provisions is 180 days after the bill's enactment.