The National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act extends the foundational National Quantum Initiative Act until December 30, 2032 , broadening its scope to encompass quantum information science, engineering, and technology . This reauthorization introduces several new definitions, including "Confucius Institute," "Federal laboratory," "foreign country of concern," and "foreign entity of concern," alongside updated definitions for "quantum applications" and "quantum computing." These changes reflect an increased focus on national security and the practical application of quantum advancements. The bill significantly enhances efforts to expand the domestic quantum workforce , from K-12 education through advanced research and international talent retention, while ensuring national security. It emphasizes supporting the development and commercialization of quantum applications, including hybrid systems, and fostering other emerging technologies that interact with quantum. The legislation also aims to improve the maturity and viability of the quantum technology industry, including small and medium-sized businesses. A new International Quantum Cooperation Strategy is mandated, requiring the Office of Science and Technology Policy to develop plans for collaborative international partnerships, interoperability, and ethical application of quantum technologies. This strategy also addresses risks to national security and economic interests, including safeguarding research from malign influence and mitigating vulnerabilities in the global quantum supply chain. Restrictions are placed on funding for institutions with Confucius Institutes and for quantum research activities with foreign countries or entities of concern. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is directed to establish Quantum Acceleration Centers and expand research into quantum cryptography, post-quantum cryptography, and standardization. NIST will also promote U.S. participation in international standards organizations and establish partnerships to accelerate the domestic quantum supply chain. Furthermore, NIST will promote the voluntary development and deployment of post-quantum cryptography standards and may establish a grant program to assist entities at high risk of quantum cryptoanalytic attacks. The National Science Foundation (NSF) will expand its research and education activities, including new traineeships, fellowships, and research experiences for undergraduates and K-12 teachers. NSF is also tasked with establishing a Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW) Coordination Hub to address workforce development challenges and serve as a national clearinghouse. Additionally, NSF will establish up to five quantum testbeds for applications research and development, focusing on near- and medium-term use cases and ensuring broad access for academia and industry. The Department of Energy (DOE) will expand its quantum research, development, and demonstration program, including operating National Quantum Information Science Research Centers and conducting cooperative research with industry and academia. A new Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry Program will be established to develop specialized equipment and infrastructure, supporting the domestic quantum supply chain. DOE will also develop a 10-year strategic plan for Quantum High Performance Computing and focus on using quantum information science to enhance the resilience, security, and efficiency of the electric grid . Finally, a new title is added for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) , authorizing it to conduct quantum information science, engineering, and technology research for space and aeronautics applications. NASA will develop a strategy identifying priority areas and may establish a Quantum Institute focused on space and aeronautics applications. Across all agencies, research security provisions are reinforced to protect critical quantum technologies.