This legislation directs the Secretary of Agriculture to provide grants and direct or guaranteed loans to increase domestic manufacturing, processing, and storage of fertilizer and nutrient alternatives for United States farmers. The program aims to enhance agricultural resilience by reducing reliance on foreign sources and stabilizing input costs, ultimately fostering a more secure supply chain for essential farm inputs. This initiative seeks to strengthen the domestic fertilizer industry and support agricultural productivity. Eligible entities include independently owned businesses, non-profits, producer-owned cooperatives, Indian Tribes, and State or local governments. A key eligibility requirement is that entities must be physically located in the U.S. and not hold a market share equal to or greater than the fourth-largest market share in nitrogen, phosphate, or potash, thereby promoting a competitive market and preventing further consolidation. Priority will be given to projects that improve fertilizer production methods, foster innovation, or dedicate new capacity to U.S. agricultural commodity production, alongside those demonstrating an ability to improve competition or reduce price volatility for farmers. Grants can be up to $100,000,000 and require a dollar-for-dollar non-Federal matching contribution. Funds can support a wide range of activities, including building or modernizing facilities, purchasing equipment, and investing in workforce development or increased domestic storage. A crucial condition requires repayment of the grant or loan if the project facility or company is sold within 10 years to an entity exceeding the fourth-largest market share, ensuring the program's long-term benefits for a diverse domestic industry.