This bill, titled the Small County PILT Parity Act , proposes significant amendments to section 6903 of title 31, United States Code, which governs the federal Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) program. Its primary goal is to refine how these payments are calculated for local governments, especially those with smaller populations. The legislation specifically lowers the initial population thresholds from 4,999 and 5,000 to 499 and 500, respectively, for certain payment calculations. It also introduces a comprehensive new table that establishes a much more granular system of population tiers, ranging from 500 to 50,000, each with a specific per capita payment limitation. These adjustments are designed to ensure more precise and potentially increased federal compensation to local governments that host non-taxable federal lands.