This legislation, titled the Water Access and Affordability Act, aims to establish a comprehensive federal low-income water assistance program. It recognizes safe, accessible, and affordable drinking water as essential for public health, noting that millions of Americans struggle with water bills and many utilities lack funds for critical infrastructure. The bill asserts that water, like food, housing, and energy, is a basic necessity requiring federal assistance for low-income households. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator is tasked with establishing this program within 12 months, which will include developing water service access programs, providing technical assistance, and collecting data. The program's implementation can be delegated to eligible entities, including states, Indian Tribes, and community water systems serving populations of 100,000 or more. These entities must demonstrate capacity to serve all low-income households, fulfill data requirements, and conduct effective community outreach. The bill defines a low-income household as one receiving other specified federal assistance (e.g., SNAP, SSI, LIHEAP) or having an income not exceeding 200 percent of the poverty level or 80 percent of the area median income. Assistance can take various forms, including direct financial aid (bill discounting, percentage-of-income plans), debt relief , water crisis assistance , and water efficiency assistance (e.g., water-efficient appliances, leak repair). Key program requirements include promoting universal access, allowing for automatic enrollment through data sharing with other assistance programs, and permitting self-attestation of eligibility. The bill explicitly prohibits asset tests, in-person enrollment appointments, and citizenship or legal residency requirements for assistance. Crucially, it includes provisions to prevent service disconnections, property liens, and the imposition of late fees or reconnection charges for households receiving aid. The EPA will fund technical assistance providers to help low-income households enroll and assist small and mid-size water systems in participating. A minimum of 20 percent of these funds is set aside for improving data management systems for small/mid-size water systems and for environmental justice and community-based organizations to support under-resourced communities. Implementing entities must report annually to the EPA on program impacts, revenue collection, and other customer assistance programs. The bill authorizes $20,000,000,000 annually for fiscal years 2027 through 2037 to carry out the program. Funds will be allocated based on factors such as the number of low-income persons served, technical assistance needs, administrative costs, water service costs, and exceptional community needs, ensuring equal amounts for drinking water and sanitary sewer services. Up to 10 percent of funds may be reserved for territories and Indian Tribes historically lacking equitable access to infrastructure funding, and communities experiencing lack of access to safe public drinking water. Additionally, the bill amends the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to increase transparency and affordability in State Revolving Loan Funds (SRFs). States will be required to conduct public review and comment periods for their intended use plans, including public hearings and written responses to comments. The EPA Administrator must promulgate regulations to increase transparency in SRF distribution, requiring states to provide data on funded and unfunded projects, including their geographic and socioeconomic distribution, particularly for disadvantaged communities. States will also be required to review and revise their affordability criteria for disadvantaged communities every three years. The EPA will issue regulations to expedite assistance and provide flexible repayment options for these communities. These amendments aim to ensure that SRF programs prioritize and effectively serve communities most in need of water infrastructure improvements and affordable water services.