The Tribal Roads Improvement Act aims to significantly enhance infrastructure on Tribal lands by removing limitations on road grading within Tribal transportation programs (TTP). This addresses the critical issue of approximately 160,000 miles of roads on or accessing Tribal lands, with an estimated 65 percent currently in poor condition. By allowing Tribal governments greater flexibility in using TTP funds for road grading, the bill seeks to mitigate increased vehicle damage, improve emergency response times, and foster economic development. Specifically, the bill amends section 202(a)(8)(A) of title 23, United States Code, to permit grading activities. Furthermore, it mandates that the Secretary of the Interior conduct a comprehensive study within three years of enactment to evaluate the impacts of this policy change. This study will assess various factors, including: the number of Tribes utilizing the expanded grading authority miles of roads graded improvements in road condition ratings impacts on economic development and emergency services Tribal satisfaction employment of Tribal members in grading projects A subsequent report to Congress, due two years after the study's completion, will include the findings and recommendations for future Tribal road grading initiatives.