The Medicaid VBPs for Patients Act, or MVP Act, aims to codify value-based purchasing (VBP) arrangements within the Medicaid program. It amends the Social Security Act to allow for multiple best price points for a single drug dosage and strength under a VBP arrangement, provided the manufacturer offers such an arrangement to all States. The bill also revises the definition of Average Manufacturer Price (AMP) to account for refunds or reduced payments triggered when a patient fails to achieve defined outcomes under a VBP arrangement, and specifies how installment payments for VBP drugs are calculated for AMP purposes. Additionally, the Act clarifies that certain remuneration excluded from AMP calculations under VBP arrangements will also be excluded from the Average Sales Price (ASP) calculation under Medicare. It creates an exception under the antikickback statute for remuneration provided by manufacturers to states under Medicaid VBP arrangements when patient outcomes are not met. The bill directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to issue guidance to State Medicaid agencies on VBP arrangements for inpatient drugs, including how multiple states can collaborate. Finally, it mandates a Government Accountability Office (GAO) study to assess how VBP arrangements impact patient access, outcomes, and costs in federal healthcare programs, specifically examining the effects of this Act on transformative therapies and socioeconomic disparities.