The "Ensuring OB-GYN Care in Prisons Act" aims to significantly improve healthcare access for female prisoners by amending title 18, United States Code. It mandates that the Director of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) ensure all female prisoners have access to an obstetrician-gynecologist, requiring at least one full-time, board-certified OB-GYN at every BOP facility housing female prisoners. Under this bill, each female prisoner must receive an initial OB-GYN visit within 14 days of imprisonment. The employed OB-GYNs are tasked with providing a comprehensive range of services, including: menstrual health care and pain management contraceptive counseling and access diagnosis and treatment of gynecological conditions cancer screenings prenatal care, pregnancy screenings, and postpartum care mental health screening for postpartum depression The legislation also establishes crucial protections for prisoners, ensuring informed consent for exams, the right to refuse non-emergency care, and clear communication in their preferred language. Furthermore, it requires the use of trauma-informed care standards for survivors of sexual violence and mandates a process for referrals to other medical specialists, prohibiting denial of care based on cost or staffing. To ensure accountability, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons must submit annual reports to Congress. These reports will detail OB-GYN employment, vacancies, the number of visits, childbirths, high-risk pregnancies, and any pregnancy-related deaths of female prisoners or their newborn children.