The "Holding Accountable Russian Mercenaries Act" or "HARM Act 2.0" seeks to designate Russian-based paramilitary organizations, particularly successor entities to the Wagner Group, as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) and Specially Designated Global Terrorists (SDGTs). Following the death of Yevgeniy Prigozhin, the Wagner Group's personnel and operations have been absorbed into the Russian Ministry of Defense and reorganized under new entities like the Africa Corps, Redut PMC, and Patriot PMC. These groups continue to engage in mercenary operations, human rights abuses, and support for authoritarian regimes, posing a threat to international peace and U.S. national security interests. The bill mandates the Secretary of State to submit a report identifying all successor and affiliated entities of the Wagner Group, individuals directing them, and their conduct that may constitute terrorist activity. After a Comptroller General review of this report, the Secretary of State, in coordination with other agencies, must determine if these identified persons meet the criteria for FTO designation. A positive determination would lead to the application of measures to block property and prohibit transactions with these entities and individuals. Furthermore, the Act requires annual reports for five years on the international activities of these Russian-based mercenary groups, including their operations, relationship with the Russian Ministry of Defense, human rights abuses, financial networks, and the effectiveness of sanctions. These reports aim to provide comprehensive assessments and recommend further actions to counter the threats posed by these organizations globally, including in the Western Hemisphere.