This bill, titled the "Rail and Highway Transmission Planning Act," mandates the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and National Laboratories, to conduct a detailed study. The primary purpose is to accelerate the development of high-voltage transmission infrastructure by identifying opportunities to co-locate such projects within existing transportation rights-of-way, specifically highway and rail rights-of-way . This initiative seeks to alleviate energy capacity constraints and provide more affordable, reliable electricity for consumers. The study will encompass several key elements, including a review of existing projects, an assessment of challenges encountered, and the determination of best practices for planning, permitting, financing, and developing transmission lines in these corridors. It will evaluate the technical feasibility of building high-voltage transmission lines on various rights-of-way, considering the need for infrastructure to address capacity constraints and congestion. Furthermore, the study will analyze the costs and benefits of different transmission configurations, identify potential funding mechanisms, and assess the impacts on grid reliability, energy costs, and safety. The Secretary is also required to develop an interagency action plan and resources for federal, state, local agencies, utilities, and railroad carriers to facilitate construction. The results of each study element will be published on a rolling basis, and a comprehensive report detailing the findings, including all underlying data in a machine-readable format, must be submitted to Congress and publicly published within three years of the Act's enactment.