This bill, titled the Motor Carrier Safety Screening Modernization Act, amends federal law to enhance employment screening practices within the motor carrier industry. It expands the scope of safety performance history checks to include both operator-applicants and current operators , requiring their written consent to access relevant data. A crucial provision prevents adverse actions against operators or applicants based on Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) data unless proper notice is given and a reasonable period is allowed for an appeal process to conclude. Furthermore, the legislation mandates significant improvements to the DataQs system, which tracks safety violations. Within one year, the Secretary of Transportation must ensure that any contested safety violation is clearly labeled as "being contested" across all relevant databases until its review is complete. The bill also requires the Secretary to establish guidelines for states to implement an independent appeals process, allowing affected parties to challenge the disposition of data reviews, with decisions made by individuals separate from those who issued the original violation.