This bill introduces significant changes to congressional redistricting and federal election administration. It requires congressional districts to be contiguous , compact , and prohibits drawing them to favor or disfavor any candidate or political party, thereby aiming to prevent partisan gerrymandering. Furthermore, it stipulates that the population used for congressional apportionment and electoral votes must exclude aliens without lawful status , requiring the decennial census to collect data on citizenship and lawful immigration status for this purpose. The bill limits states to conducting only one congressional redistricting after each decennial census and apportionment, unless a court mandates further redistricting for specific legal compliance. It also establishes that challenges to congressional districts must be brought in federal district courts. Regarding federal election administration, the bill prohibits states from using ranked-choice voting for federal offices. It mandates that individuals voting in person for federal elections must present a valid photo identification card . For those voting non-in-person, a signed ballot or envelope with a signature matching the voter registration list is required. Additionally, the bill prohibits same-day voter registration for federal elections, requiring individuals to be registered prior to election day. These provisions are explicitly stated not to affect state or local elections.