This legislation requires the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to submit an annual summary report to Congress and other oversight bodies detailing physical damage from major disasters at its facilities and contract prisons. This comprehensive report must explain the effects of such damage on inmates and staff, covering critical aspects like injury and loss of life, access to essential services such as healthcare, food, and water, and the availability of personal protective equipment and hygiene products. The report must also include data and justifications regarding the consideration and approval or denial of early release or home confinement requests during disasters, as well as the impact on inmate visitation rights and accommodations for individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, it mandates an assessment of damage costs, impacts on resources, and other factors affecting the health, safety, and civil rights of the correctional population. Beyond reporting, the bill requires the BOP to include a corrective action plan within the report, outlining steps to improve and modernize emergency preparedness for natural disasters, extreme weather, and public health emergencies, along with a timeline for implementation. It also calls for specific legislative recommendations to Congress to enhance preparedness within the BOP. Finally, the legislation expands the board of the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) from ten to fourteen members, adding representatives with backgrounds in advocating for incarcerated individuals, emergency response coordination, public health, and BOP employee labor unions. The NIC is also mandated to conduct at least one public field hearing within a year to discuss how correctional facilities can integrate emergency preparedness and recovery efforts, focusing on inmate welfare and risk management best practices.