The bill directs the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to establish two distinct grant programs aimed at improving treatment and research for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans. The first, the TBI Innovation Grant Program , focuses specifically on chronic mild TBI (mTBI). It will award grants to eligible entities, including nonprofit organizations and academic institutions, to develop, implement, and evaluate prospective randomized control trials for neurorehabilitation treatments. Funds from this program are intended to support the design and testing of novel, patient-centered treatments, including non-pharmacological therapies. The goal is to conduct clinical studies measuring effectiveness in improving veteran mental health outcomes, reducing suicidality, and mitigating the long-term effects of mTBI. This program is authorized for three years with an appropriation of $30,000,000 for fiscal years 2026 through 2028, and grants are capped at $5,000,000 per entity annually. The second program establishes a research grant initiative for broader TBI studies and applied programs. This program will award grants in two categories: up to four grants of $625,000 for exploratory projects and five grants of $1,500,000 for collaborative initiatives, with priority given to nonprofits for the smaller grants. An independent third-party organization , similar to the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, will administer this program, analyze data, identify best practices, and conduct randomized, controlled clinical trials to validate treatments and establish standards of care. This second program is authorized for three years with an appropriation of $10,000,000 annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2028. Both programs require rigorous oversight, annual reporting, and coordination with existing VA mental health services to ensure comprehensive support and advance integrated TBI and mental health interventions for veterans. The Secretary will also submit annual reports to Congress on findings and recommendations for policy improvements.