This legislation mandates that the Secretary of Defense annually certify to Congress that the Government of Azerbaijan has taken meaningful steps concerning Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh region. These steps include upholding commitments, completely withdrawing military forces from Armenian territory, unconditionally releasing all Armenian prisoners, ceasing hostilities, and recognizing the right of return for ethnic Armenians to Nagorno-Karabakh while preserving cultural and religious sites. If the Secretary cannot provide this certification, an immediate review of United States security assistance for Armenia must be conducted to assess gaps in its deterrence and self-defense capabilities. A subsequent report to Congress would detail threats to Armenia, evaluate current U.S. aid, identify defense needs, and recommend increased security assistance. Furthermore, the President would be prohibited from exercising a waiver authority under the FREEDOM Support Act, which typically allows for certain aid to Azerbaijan.