Restoring American Mineral Security Act of 2025

The "Restoring American Mineral Security Act of 2025" seeks to establish a **Critical Minerals Security Alliance** to ensure a reliable supply chain for critical minerals essential to U.S. defense, manufacturing, and energy needs. Congress finds that the United States is heavily dependent on the People's Republic of China for these minerals, and China has weaponized its dominance through market manipulation. The bill asserts that an alliance of trusted trading partners is necessary to combat these practices and foster a robust domestic critical minerals industry. To join the Alliance, countries must agree to increase duties on mined and processed critical minerals and select derivative products from "foreign countries of concern" to levels comparable to U.S. duties on Chinese goods, or adopt similar trade remedies. Members must also eliminate duties on critical minerals and derivative products from other Alliance countries, coordinate on unfair trade policies, and establish robust investment screening mechanisms. Upon entry into force of an agreement, critical minerals and select derivative products imported from member countries will enter the U.S. free of duty, exempting them from certain existing tariffs. The bill establishes a **Trust Fund** in the U.S. Treasury to support domestic critical mineral projects. This fund will be financed by duties collected on critical minerals imported into the United States once the first Alliance agreement takes effect. Amounts in the fund will be allocated without further appropriation: 60% to the Department of Energy's Loan Programs Office, 20% to the Department of Defense for mining, processing, and manufacturing projects, and 20% to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation for international critical mineral projects in member countries. The **Trade Representative** is authorized to negotiate and certify countries for Alliance membership, with congressional oversight through joint resolutions of approval or disapproval. The Trade Representative must also conduct triennial reviews of U.S. critical mineral capacity and assess the Alliance's scope, while submitting annual reports on engagement and compliance. Notably, upon the first Alliance agreement, critical minerals and select derivative products from foreign countries of concern will be subject to increased U.S. duties.