This legislation, titled the Urban and Rural Diabetes Initiative Act, proposes to amend the Public Health Service Act by authorizing a new grant program. The Secretary would be empowered to award grants to eligible providers for delivering services related to the treatment of diabetes and associated co-morbid conditions in medically underserved communities , encompassing both urban and rural areas. To receive a grant, providers must agree to offer a comprehensive suite of services, including routine care for diabetic patients, public education on diabetes prevention and control, eye care, foot care, and treatment for kidney disease and other complications. These services must be provided in appropriate languages and with consideration for the cultural backgrounds of the individuals served, alongside conducting outreach activities to inform the public about the program. Eligible providers include public or nonprofit private health care entities such as community-based organizations, rural health clinics, Federally qualified health centers, and State, local, or Tribal health departments. The bill mandates that the Secretary ensure an equitable geographic distribution of funds, balancing the needs of urban and rural communities, and authorizes the appropriation of necessary sums for fiscal years 2026 through 2031 to carry out these provisions.