This bill directs the Secretary of Transportation to establish a grant program within 180 days of enactment, aimed at funding the design or construction of barriers near rail lines adjacent to residential structures. The program's core purpose is to mitigate negative impacts from rail activity, specifically addressing potential damage caused by train derailments, excessive noise, and disruptive vibrations that affect nearby homes and their occupants. These barriers are intended to be located between the rail line and any affected residential area. A wide range of entities are eligible to receive these grants, including States, groups of States, public agencies, political subdivisions, Amtrak, other rail carriers, and Class II or III railroads, or partnerships involving these governmental and rail entities. To support this critical initiative, the bill authorizes an appropriation of $100,000,000 annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2030, aiming to enhance safety and quality of life for residents living close to active rail lines.