The "Mexican Energy Trade Enforcement Act" requires the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to take specific actions to address Mexico's energy policies. These policies are identified as "covered actions" that favor Mexico's state-owned electrical utility , Comision Federal de Electricidad, and state-owned petroleum company , Petroleos Mexicanos, negatively impacting U.S. companies and energy exports. To protect United States commerce abroad, the USTR must either request the establishment of a dispute resolution panel with Mexico under the USMCA or, during the first joint review of the USMCA, require Mexico to provide non-discriminatory access for United States energy companies. This requirement is based on Mexico's obligations under USMCA Chapters 2 (Market Access), 14 (Investments), and 22 (State-Owned Enterprises). Furthermore, the USTR is mandated to submit a report to Congress within 90 days detailing the action taken.