This bill, titled the "Congressional Power of the Purse Act," seeks to significantly enhance Congress's control over federal spending and its oversight of executive actions, particularly concerning impoundment and national emergency powers. It aims to prevent the executive branch from unilaterally withholding appropriated funds and to ensure greater transparency and accountability in government financial management. Title I strengthens congressional control over budget authority by prohibiting "fast-track" impoundment procedures until 2029 and requiring funds to be made available for prudent obligation, preventing deferrals within 90 days of expiration. It mandates agencies to report to Congress if budget apportionments are delayed, conditioned, or hinder program execution. The bill also empowers the Comptroller General (CG) to review compliance with impoundment laws, report noncompliance, and initiate civil actions to compel the release of funds or obtain necessary information from agencies. Furthermore, Title I establishes clear penalties for impoundment violations. Federal officers or employees who knowingly and willfully withhold budget authority face administrative discipline, including suspension or removal, and potential criminal charges with fines and imprisonment. The Attorney General is required to review these violations and investigate potential criminal conduct, with detailed reports provided to Congress. Title II focuses on strengthening transparency and reporting across various aspects of federal finance. It requires the President's annual budget to include detailed reports on expired and canceled balances , obligations during government shutdowns, and the use of transfer authorities. Crucially, it mandates comprehensive reporting on spending related to national emergency declarations, detailing obligations, expenditures, and the impact of any fund transfers. This title also bolsters the oversight capabilities of nonpartisan congressional agencies. It requires agencies to promptly respond to the Comptroller General's requests for budget and appropriations law decisions, granting the CG the authority to sue for non-compliance. Reporting requirements for Antideficiency Act violations are expanded, and an Inspector General is established for the Office of Management and Budget to oversee legal compliance. Additionally, the Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel must publish its budget and appropriations law opinions publicly, with limited exceptions. Title III, known as the "REPUBLIC Act," significantly reforms the use of presidential emergency powers. It introduces a requirement for congressional approval of national emergency declarations and the specific powers exercised under them, with a 45-day expiration period unless a joint resolution of approval is enacted. If Congress does not approve an emergency or specific power, the President is restricted from re-declaring that emergency or using that power for the remainder of their term. The REPUBLIC Act also enhances reporting requirements for national emergencies, mandating detailed information on circumstances, estimated duration, intended actions, and expenditures, which must be made public. It clarifies that emergencies invoking only the International Emergency Economic Powers Act are generally excluded from the new approval process, unless other emergency powers are also invoked. Finally, it requires the President to disclose Presidential Emergency Action Documents (PEADs) to Congress, granting specific committees oversight jurisdiction and access to these sensitive plans.