The "Protecting Older Americans Act of 2025" aims to significantly alter how age discrimination disputes are resolved by amending Title 9 of the United States Code, which governs arbitration. Specifically, it introduces a new chapter that renders predispute arbitration agreements and predispute joint-action waivers invalid and unenforceable for cases involving age discrimination. This means that individuals alleging age discrimination, defined as conduct against persons 40 years or older prohibited by Federal, Tribal, or State law, can choose to pursue their claims in a court of law. The bill explicitly states that the applicability of this new chapter and the validity of arbitration agreements in such disputes must be determined by a court , not an arbitrator, regardless of any contractual provisions attempting to delegate such authority. These provisions apply to any dispute or claim that arises or accrues on or after the date the Act is enacted, ensuring that older Americans have the option to seek justice in traditional legal forums for age-related discrimination.