This legislation directs the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science to address the national security and cybersecurity threats posed by advanced quantum computers. Within one year, the Subcommittee must assess the United States' progress, relative to other nations, in developing cryptographically-relevant quantum computers and in adopting security measures like post-quantum cryptography , while also evaluating the readiness of domestic private and public sectors. The Subcommittee is tasked with identifying the most vulnerable economic sectors and developing a comprehensive plan to mitigate these risks. This plan involves fostering collaboration among federal agencies, facilitating information exchange between public and private entities, and forming partnerships to support the adoption of necessary security measures, including providing technical assistance and cyber hygiene guidance. An initial report to Congress must include these assessments, the mitigation plan, guidelines for defining a cryptographically-relevant quantum computer, and recommendations for implementation policies. Following this, the Subcommittee must submit annual reports for four years, detailing the ongoing progress of private and public sectors in adopting these vital cybersecurity measures.