This bill, titled the LEO K9 Protection Act, significantly enhances protections for animals serving in law enforcement. It amends federal law to impose a fine, imprisonment for up to 15 years, or both, on anyone who uses a deadly or dangerous weapon to harm a police animal. A "police animal" is defined as a dog or horse in service of a federal agency, or a state/local agency assisting a federal agency, for duties such as detecting criminal activity, apprehending offenders, or finding missing persons, and also includes animals in military service; however, it exempts individuals providing good faith emergency veterinary care. Furthermore, the legislation directs the Secretary of Transportation to take several actions to ensure proper medical care for injured police dogs. Within 180 days, the Secretary must publish guidance for emergency medical services personnel on how to care for police dogs injured during official duties, drawing upon existing federal guidelines. Additionally, within 240 days, the Secretary must promulgate regulations allowing injured police dogs to be transported to veterinary facilities if no human requires medical attention, and permitting paramedics or emergency medical technicians to provide emergency medical care to these dogs at the scene or during transport.