This bill establishes the Agricultural and Rural Road Improvement Program to significantly enhance transportation infrastructure crucial for the agricultural sector. The program's primary goals include improving first- and last-mile access to farms and facilities involved in producing, supplying, storing, and transporting agricultural inputs and products. It also seeks to reduce the prevalence of weight-limited bridges and capacity-limited local roads and rural minor collectors, thereby bolstering the safety, resiliency, and efficiency of these vital routes for a strong agricultural sector and vibrant rural economy. Funds from this program can be obligated for projects on local or rural minor collector roads, specifically for replacing or rehabilitating bridges to eliminate weight restrictions. Eligible projects also include those that improve highway or bridge access to farms, agricultural facilities, or other facilities supporting rural economies. Additionally, the program supports general highway safety improvements, including those on high-risk rural roads, with the federal government covering up to 90 percent of project costs. The bill amends existing law to apportion dedicated funds for this new program.