The "Southern Border Farmers and Ranchers Protection Act" amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to establish a new initiative within the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) . This initiative authorizes the Secretary to provide payments to agricultural producers for implementing specific conservation practices. These payments are intended to address and repair damage to agricultural land and farming infrastructure that contributes to natural resource concerns or problems. The program specifically targets "covered land" located in numerous counties along the southern border of Texas, including Brewster, Brooks, Cameron, and others. Contracts under this initiative will have a term of one year, aiming to support producers in these designated border regions in mitigating environmental damage.