The Securing America's Critical Minerals Supply Act amends the Department of Energy Organization Act to enhance the security of critical energy resource supply chains. It formally defines a "critical energy resource" as one essential to the U.S. energy sector and vulnerable to supply chain disruption, making its reliable supply a core purpose and function of the Department of Energy. The bill mandates the Secretary of Energy to conduct ongoing assessments of these supply chains, including their vulnerability, domestic production capacity constraints, and how adversarial nations exploit markets. These assessments will inform strategies to strengthen supply chains by diversifying sources and increasing domestic production , separation, and processing of critical energy resources. Additionally, the legislation promotes the development of substitutes and alternatives, alongside improving technologies for reusing and recycling these vital materials. The Secretary is required to submit a report within two years detailing the status of these assessments and any resulting actions, ensuring accountability and progress in securing these essential resources.