The Carla Walker Act establishes a new grant program under the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, designed to significantly improve State and local forensic capabilities. This initiative primarily focuses on advanced DNA analysis, aiming to assist law enforcement in generating investigative leads for criminal investigations and identifying human remains through cutting-edge genetic technologies. The bill authorizes the Attorney General to award competitive grants to various eligible entities, including States , Tribal or local law enforcement agencies , prosecutor's offices with forensic laboratory capabilities, medical examiners, and coroners. These grants specifically support the use of whole genome sequencing technology, which assesses at least 100,000 genetic markers and must be compatible with multiple genealogical databases. Funds can be utilized for DNA analyses of samples or unidentified human remains when traditional methods, such as the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), have failed to produce investigative leads, or for outsourcing these specialized analyses to accredited forensic laboratories. A separate grant program is also established to help publicly funded and accredited forensic laboratories, medical examiners, and coroners purchase necessary equipment, supplies, reagents, consumables, and cover validation expenses for deploying forensic genetic genealogical DNA analysis. Both grant types mandate adherence to the Department of Justice's "Interim Policy on Forensic Genealogical DNA Analysis and Searching" or any successor policy. The bill authorizes an appropriation of $5,000,000 for each grant program annually from fiscal years 2024 through 2028. Grant recipients are required to maintain detailed records, allow the Attorney General access for audits, and submit annual reports detailing funding use, the number of cases tested, the types of testing performed, and the outcomes, such as successful identifications or arrests. Furthermore, the Attorney General is mandated to submit a comprehensive report to Congress within two years on the program's effectiveness, implementation of forensic genetic genealogy in public laboratories, and recommendations for future technology use and necessary regulations.