This bill establishes a National Defense Executive Reserve to enhance the Federal Government's preparedness for national defense emergencies. Its primary purpose is to enable private sector individuals with specialized expertise to volunteer for temporary federal employment, augmenting government capabilities efficiently and cost-effectively during crises without significantly expanding the permanent workforce. The President is mandated to establish Reserve units within the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and Homeland Security, with other agencies as deemed appropriate. Activation of these units is strictly limited to a non-delegable presidential declaration during a national emergency, requiring a public determination of necessity for national defense. The bill also provides for periodic training and exercises to prepare Reserve members for duty. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with relevant Secretaries, must issue comprehensive rules within 270 days. These rules will govern various aspects, including criteria for unit organization, selection and assignment of volunteers, compensation, security clearances, and the interaction between Reserve members and permanent government employees. Importantly, individuals serving in the Reserve will receive employment and reemployment protections similar to those provided to FEMA intermittent personnel. Furthermore, the legislation amends the Defense Production Act of 1950 to improve the use of voluntary agreements . It removes the Federal Trade Commission from its previous roles in these agreements, centralizing rulemaking authority with the Secretary of Commerce and the Attorney General. The bill also requires the President to develop a new voluntary agreement within 18 months, addressing a critical national defense issue like a catastrophic cyber attack, and specifically mandates the utilization of the newly established National Defense Executive Reserve units within this agreement.