The Global Fairness in Drug Pricing Act seeks to significantly reduce prescription drug prices for patients in the United States. It mandates the Secretary of Health and Human Services to propose a rulemaking plan within 30 days to establish most-favored-nation price targets for pharmaceutical manufacturers, ensuring U.S. prices are comparable to those in other developed countries. The bill also requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to certify the safety and cost-reduction benefits of individual prescription drug importation, subsequently taking action to consistently grant waivers for such imports from low-cost developed countries. Furthermore, it directs the Attorney General and the Federal Trade Commission to undertake enforcement actions against anticompetitive practices by pharmaceutical manufacturers, while also facilitating direct-to-consumer purchasing programs for manufacturers adhering to the new price targets. Finally, the legislation mandates a study by the Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade Representative to identify any unreasonable or discriminatory behaviors by pharmaceutical manufacturers. This study will examine practices that impair national security, force U.S. patients to subsidize global research and development, or involve the suppression of drug prices in foreign markets below fair market value, with findings to be reported to Congress within 180 days.