This legislation aims to significantly improve the accuracy and transparency of animal use data collected by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from entities conducting biomedical and behavioral research with federal funds. It achieves this by amending the Public Health Service Act, specifically requiring research entities to submit more detailed annual reports on their animal usage. Under the bill, these entities must file an annual form with the NIH Director, detailing the total number of animals bred, housed, and used in the preceding fiscal year. This report must categorize animals by common species names and numbers, distinguishing between those used with no pain or drugs, those with pain where appropriate drugs were used, and those with pain where drugs would compromise research results. Additionally, it requires reporting on animals being held or bred for future research but not yet utilized. To ensure public access and accountability, the bill mandates that the NIH Director make these filed forms available online in a publicly accessible and searchable database within three months of their submission. These new reporting requirements will take effect two years after the bill's enactment, allowing time for implementation.