The "Ensuring Agency Service Quality Act" aims to ensure that Executive agencies and military departments maintain staffing levels for which Congress has appropriated funds. It amends section 3101 of title 5, United States Code, changing the discretionary authority to "may employ" to a mandatory requirement to "shall employ" personnel. This provision explicitly overrides sections related to employment ceilings and position classification, emphasizing the priority of appropriated staffing. A crucial aspect of the bill is the requirement for transparency and accountability regarding staffing. If an agency or military department head determines they cannot meet the mandated employment levels, they must submit a noncompliance notice to the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, as well as relevant jurisdictional committees. This notice must be provided within seven days of the determination and include a detailed explanation for the inability to comply.