This legislation directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Defense to jointly develop a modernized 10-year strategy for defending the United States against the anthrax threat. Due within 180 days of enactment, this strategy must ensure the sustained stockpiling and replenishment of anthrax countermeasures in the Strategic National Stockpile and by the Department of Defense, covering civilians, servicemembers, and their dependents on military installations. It also emphasizes innovative cooperation with and sustainability of anthrax countermeasure manufacturers . The bill mandates an initial report to Congress within 180 days, detailing the threat of weaponized anthrax from foreign entities and terrorist organizations. This report must also outline federal programs addressing the strategy, including those for multidrug-resistant strains, and initiatives ensuring countermeasure availability for military dependents abroad. The initial report must include the full modernized strategy, and the Secretaries are required to provide annual updates to the appropriate congressional committees, submitted in a classified form with an optional unclassified annex.