This bill amends chapter 111 of title 28, United States Code, to establish new requirements for transparency and limitations on foreign third-party litigation funding in U.S. courts. It defines key terms such as "foreign person," "foreign state," and "sovereign wealth fund" to delineate the scope of these regulations. The primary goal is to prevent undue foreign influence in civil actions. A central provision mandates that parties or their counsel in any civil action must disclose in writing to the court, other parties, and the Attorney General the identity of any foreign person, foreign state, or sovereign wealth fund that has a contingent right to receive payment based on the outcome of the litigation. This disclosure also requires producing a copy of any such funding agreement and certifying whether the money is sourced, in whole or in part, from these foreign entities. These disclosures must be made under penalty of perjury and are subject to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure sanctions for non-compliance. Significantly, the bill prohibits third-party litigation funding by foreign states and sovereign wealth funds . Any agreement found to be in violation of this prohibition will be deemed null and void. These new requirements apply to all civil actions pending on or commenced after the bill's enactment date. Finally, the Act requires the Attorney General to submit an annual report to Congress . This report will detail activities involving foreign third-party litigation funding in Federal courts, including the identities of funders, sources of money, judicial districts involved, estimated amounts, and the subject matters of the civil actions funded.
Civil actions and liabilityCongressional oversightForeign and international bankingJudicial procedure and administration
Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2025
USA119th CongressHR-2675| House
| Updated: 11/20/2025
This bill amends chapter 111 of title 28, United States Code, to establish new requirements for transparency and limitations on foreign third-party litigation funding in U.S. courts. It defines key terms such as "foreign person," "foreign state," and "sovereign wealth fund" to delineate the scope of these regulations. The primary goal is to prevent undue foreign influence in civil actions. A central provision mandates that parties or their counsel in any civil action must disclose in writing to the court, other parties, and the Attorney General the identity of any foreign person, foreign state, or sovereign wealth fund that has a contingent right to receive payment based on the outcome of the litigation. This disclosure also requires producing a copy of any such funding agreement and certifying whether the money is sourced, in whole or in part, from these foreign entities. These disclosures must be made under penalty of perjury and are subject to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure sanctions for non-compliance. Significantly, the bill prohibits third-party litigation funding by foreign states and sovereign wealth funds . Any agreement found to be in violation of this prohibition will be deemed null and void. These new requirements apply to all civil actions pending on or commenced after the bill's enactment date. Finally, the Act requires the Attorney General to submit an annual report to Congress . This report will detail activities involving foreign third-party litigation funding in Federal courts, including the identities of funders, sources of money, judicial districts involved, estimated amounts, and the subject matters of the civil actions funded.