This bill, named the "One Vote One Choice Act," seeks to amend the Help America Vote Act of 2002. Its primary purpose is to prohibit states from utilizing ranked-choice voting systems when conducting elections for Federal office. Specifically, it states that a State may not carry out a Federal election using a system where voters rank candidates by preference. The legislation achieves this by redesignating existing sections and inserting a new section 305 into the Help America Vote Act. This new section explicitly bans the use of ranked-choice voting for Federal elections. These amendments, including conforming and clerical changes, will take effect for all elections held on or after the date of the bill's enactment.