This bill prohibits the National Science Foundation (NSF) from awarding grants or other forms of assistance to individuals or entities affiliated with Chinese communist military companies. The legislation specifically targets those with relationships, such as research partnerships or joint ventures, with these restricted companies. To identify these entities, the bill references existing U.S. government lists, including those found in the Export Administration Regulations and lists required by sections of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 and the Mac Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. This prohibition also extends to any parent, subsidiary, or affiliate of the listed entities, ensuring a comprehensive restriction on funding.