This bill establishes federal prohibitions against excessive price increases for essential goods, services, and housing during federally declared major disasters or emergencies. It generally limits price increases to 10% above pre-disaster levels for essential consumer goods, hotel lodging, and residential rentals for 30 days, and for repair or reconstruction services for 180 days. For items without a prior price, the charge cannot exceed 50% above cost for 30 days, with exceptions for legitimate increases in supplier costs, tariffs, or pre-existing contractual agreements. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is tasked with enforcing these prohibitions, treating violations as unfair or deceptive acts. States can also bring civil actions to enjoin violations or seek damages on behalf of their residents, while individuals injured by price gouging have a private right of action to seek injunctions, actual damages, and potentially treble damages for willful violations. Violators face civil penalties of up to $25,000 per violation , with recovered funds directed to assist disaster-affected communities.