The Attorney General is mandated to deliver an annual report to the Senate and House Judiciary Committees, detailing the demographic characteristics of individuals who were deemed ineligible to purchase firearms via the National Instant Criminal Background Check System. The report must cover the preceding calendar year and include information on race, ethnicity, national origin, sex, gender, age, disability status, average annual income, and English language proficiency when available. The first submission is required within one year of the law’s enactment, with subsequent reports due annually thereafter. This data collection aims to provide Congress with a clearer understanding of the populations affected by background check exclusions.