This bill establishes strict conditions under which federally operated dams may not be breached. The Secretary of the Army is prohibited from breaching a dam if it would increase carbon emissions by more than 5 percent, make the impacted body of water less navigable for commercial interests, or raise the price of shipped products by at least 5 percent. Additionally, a dam cannot be breached if the energy resource intended to replace it would occupy an area of land at least 5 percent larger than the dam itself. The legislation also prohibits the retirement of federally operated hydropower generation sources if such action would increase customer electricity rates by more than 5 percent or decrease energy reliability by over 5 percent in specified Western states. If an energy generation source is retired, the relevant Secretary must ensure that 100 percent of its baseload generation is replaced within 30 days. The bill mandates consultation with various federal and state agencies for determinations related to dam breaching and requires a study of land acreage occupied by a dam if breaching is considered.