The "Border Workforce Improvement Act" requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct a comprehensive assessment of staffing needs for U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) , U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) , and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) at the southern border of the United States. This assessment must be initiated within 90 days of the Act's enactment and involves coordination with the heads of these agencies. The assessment's elements include reviewing existing staffing models and methodologies, analyzing the impact of relying on details and overtime, and identifying factors both within and outside the Department of Homeland Security that affect workloads and exacerbate staffing challenges. It also aims to pinpoint critical capability gaps in human resources, new technology integration, and streamlined risk management systems across the three agencies. Following the completion of this assessment, the Secretary of Homeland Security is mandated to submit a detailed report to the appropriate congressional committees within 180 days. This report must include the assessment's findings and a description of how the Secretary and agency heads plan to implement the recommendations derived from the assessment.