This legislation directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to initiate a comprehensive longitudinal study focused on the human health effects stemming from the February 3, 2023, train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio. This includes impacts from the subsequent venting and burning of chemicals, aiming to provide a thorough understanding of long-term consequences. The Secretary will award a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement to an eligible entity , which must be a consortium of public or private institutions of higher education possessing the requisite capacity and expertise. Additional consideration will be given to entities that have established relationships within the affected communities, ensuring a more integrated and responsive research approach. Furthermore, the bill mandates the submission of two key reports to Congress: a progress report within two years of the award and a subsequent report detailing the study's results and any planned follow-up actions within one year of publication. Appropriations are authorized for fiscal year 2026 to fund these critical efforts, with funds remaining available until September 30, 2030.