This bill proposes to amend the Public Health Service Act to prohibit the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from funding any research activity or program that uses live animals unless the research occurs within the United States . This restriction applies to all forms of support, including grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements, and defines the United States to include its territories and possessions. The legislation is motivated by findings that NIH provided approximately $2.2 billion to foreign organizations for animal research between 2011 and 2021. It expresses concern that NIH does not inspect foreign organizations, relying instead on self-reported information, which the bill states has led to a lack of oversight and the mistreatment of animals in U.S.-funded research conducted outside the country.