This legislation creates the "Summer Meals and Learning Act of 2026," authorizing a new federal grant program administered by the Secretary of Education. The program aims to fund summer early reading initiatives at schools that also provide summer lunch programs. Grants are awarded competitively to State library administrative agencies , which then distribute subgrants to eligible local educational agencies. To qualify for subgrants, local educational agencies must serve summer lunch and have at least 50 percent of their prekindergarten through third-grade students reading below grade level or at risk of doing so. These subgrants enable schools to keep their libraries accessible for a minimum of six weeks during the summer and offer literacy activities or expanded learning opportunities. The bill authorizes an appropriation of $5,000,000 for each fiscal year from 2027 through 2031 to support these programs, with reporting requirements for both State and local agencies on their progress.