This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment to explicitly grant Congress and the States the authority to reasonably regulate and limit contributions to and spending in campaigns for public office, as well as state and local ballot initiatives and referendums. A key provision allows for distinguishing between natural persons and artificial entities , even permitting the prohibition of artificial entities from raising and spending money in such campaigns. The amendment asserts compelling sovereign interests in the freedom of speech, representative self-government, the integrity of the electoral process, and the political equality of natural persons. This measure aims to clarify governmental power over campaign finance, with Congress and the States empowered to implement and enforce its provisions through appropriate legislation.