Protecting American Capital Act of 2023 This bill requires the Department of the Treasury to annually report to Congress on U.S. portfolio investments in China. The report must include the U.S. persons making the investments, including state pension funds and those making more than 2% of the total annual investments; and the Chinese entities receiving the investments, including Chinese entities subject to U.S. sanctions and Chinese entities receiving more than $100 million. The initial report must include investment information back to January 1, 2008.