Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act of 2023 This bill waives National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit requirements for discharges of fire retardant in connection with fire suppression, control, or prevention activities carried out by a federal land management agency, a state government, a political subdivision of a state, or a tribal government. Federal land management agency is defined as the Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).