Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 This bill provides FY2024 supplemental appropriations for federal departments and agencies to respond to the conflict in Israel. The bill designates the funding as emergency spending, which is exempt from discretionary spending limits. Specifically, the bill provides appropriations to the Department of Defense (DOD), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Department of State, and the U.S Agency for International Development. The funding is provided for purposes such as supporting current U.S. military operations in the region; replacing defense articles that were provided to Israel; reimbursing DOD for defense services and training provided to Israel; Defense Production Act purchases; procuring Israel's Iron Dome, David's Sling, and Iron Beam defense systems to counter short-range rocket threats; procuring advanced weapons systems, defense articles, and defense services for Israel through the Foreign Military Financing Program; the FEMA Nonprofit Security Grant Program; migration and refugee assistance; international narcotics control and law enforcement; peacekeeping operations; security at U.S. diplomatic facilities; and humanitarian assistance. The bill also includes provisions that (1) expand the authorities of the President to transfer defense articles and services from DOD to foreign countries or international organizations, and (2) prohibit funds from being used for payments to the U.N. Relief and Works Agency.