Protection of American Land Act of 2023 This bill prohibits a foreign nation (including a foreign government official or state-sponsored entity) from owning certain property or establishing a law enforcement facility in the United States. The bill prohibits a foreign nation from purchasing or owning a building or land in the United States. Under the bill, foreign nations must transfer such properties to the federal government. The Department of the Treasury must provide market-rate compensation for returned property within two years of the bill's enactment. The bill also prohibits a foreign nation from establishing in the United States a facility that conducts security, espionage, acts of law enforcement, or surveillance on U.S. citizens.