Federal Labs Modernization Act of 2023 This bill requires certain agencies to report on the state of research infrastructure at federal laboratories and other facilities. Specifically, the bill requires the Office of Science and Technology Policy to include in a report to Congress a description of the deficiencies in funding for research infrastructure in research facilities and major instrumentation located at federal laboratories and certain facilities of academic institutions. In addition, the Government Accountability Office must submit a report to Congress on the research infrastructure of federal facilities, including the current state of facilities and equipment and any needed repairs and associated costs.