Substance Use Disorder Treatment and Recovery Loan Repayment Program Reauthorization Act of 2023 This bill reauthorizes through FY2028 the Substance Use Disorder Treatment and Recovery Loan Repayment Program. Under the program, certain health care providers may receive up to $250,000 in repayment assistance for higher education loans if they provide treatment or recovery services for those with substance use disorders. Providers must work full-time for at least six years at an approved facility that is in a locality with a higher-than-average rate of drug overdose deaths or that is in a mental health professional shortage area.